Younger Dryas事件与北黄海泥炭层的形成   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李铁刚  常凤鸣  于心科 《地学前缘》2010,17(1):322

形成于海平面变化处于停滞阶段和湿润气候条件下的泥炭层是古环境变化信息的重要载体。对北黄海4个含泥炭层的沉积剖面进行研究后发现,其均集中在渤海海峡入口处,水深变化在50～54m。泥炭层的AMS14C年龄在10650～1010014 CaBP,与发生在11000～1000014 CaBP间的末次冰消气候回冷事件——Younger Dryas(YD)事件在年代上非常吻合,表明北黄海泥炭层的形成可能与YD事件的全球效应密切相关,可作为YD事件在北黄海陆架响应的一个重要证据。泥炭层在北黄海的集中出现说明,冰后期的海平面上升过程中在YD事件期间存在停滞阶段,这一时期海面已经达到渤海海峡外侧,并可能在此徘徊了近千年。此外,泥炭层的大量出现和孢粉记录表明YD事件发生期间约为10600～1020014 CaBP,此时北黄海可能处在寒冷而湿润的环境。这一发现与全球范围内大部分YD事件的海陆记录存在明显差异,说明不同地区对YD事件的响应存在差异,不能简单地利用单一的干冷模式来分析YD事件在区域上的响应特征和过程。  相似文献   

Sea‐level reconstructions from the Peri‐Vocontian Zone (South‐east France) point to Valanginian glacio‐eustasy     

BENJAMIN GRÉSELLE  BERNARD PITTET 《Sedimentology》2010,57(7):1640-1684

The Valanginian is a period of global environmental change as illustrated by sedimentary, palaeontological, geochemical and climatic perturbations. A production crisis in most of the carbonate platforms suggests important changes in palaeoenvironmental conditions. During the same time interval, a major positive excursion in δ¹³C, the Weissert Event, suggests perturbations of the carbon cycle from the latest Early Valanginian to the Early Hauterivian. In order to better understand the link between these changes, sea‐level fluctuations have been reconstructed in detail from the Middle Berriasian to the earliest Hauterivian. Sections from the Peri‐Vocontian Zone (South‐east France) have been investigated because of the good quality of outcrops on the carbonate platforms, their margins and in the Vocontian Basin. Sections ranging from the most proximal zone (Swiss Jura) to the basin were interpreted in terms of sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy, and correlated at high resolutions. Using the identified small, medium and large‐scale sequences as well as depositional geometries, sea‐level fluctuations were reconstructed. Two main trends are evidenced during the studied interval: (i) the peak amplitude (magnitude) of the sea‐level fluctuations increased gradually from the Middle Berriasian to the Early Valanginian, and reached a maximum (more than 50 m) from the middle Early Valanginian to the Valanginian/Hauterivian boundary; and (ii) sea‐level variations were quite symmetrical during the Late Berriasian, slightly asymmetrical during the Early Valanginian and strongly asymmetrical (fast sea‐level rise, slow fall) from the latest Early Valanginian to the earliest Hauterivian. Moreover, three orders of sea‐level fluctuations were recognized in the sedimentary rocks of the Peri‐Vocontian Zone. Platform‐basin correlations and cyclostratigraphic interpretations of the basinal sections evidence an astronomical control on the sea‐level variations, mainly by the two eccentricity cycles of 100 and 400 kyr. The increase in the amplitude of the sea‐level fluctuations and their change from symmetrical to asymmetrical can be related to the onset of a major cooling event in the Early Valanginian. Fast transgressions followed by slower regressions would correspond to waxing and waning of high‐latitudinal ice during most of the Valanginian, especially from the latest Early Valanginian to the latest Late Valanginian. Glacio‐eustatic sea‐level fluctuations in tune with the 100 and 400 kyr eccentricity cycles are in agreement with glaciations during the Valanginian.  相似文献   

河西走廊花海剖面晚冰期以来年代学及沉积特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王乃昂  李卓仑  李育  朱金峰 《沉积学报》2011,29(3):552-560

选择位于河西走廊的花海古湖泊沉积剖面作为研究对象,根据13个普通14C和5个AMS14C年代结果,以沉积物岩性特征为主要指标,建立了晚冰期以来花海湖泊沉积的年代框架及环境变化过程.结果表明:花海地区新仙女木期和晚冰期花海湖泊主要以芒硝沉积为主,指示了较低的温度环境.芒硝沉积中的淤泥细线为短暂升温标志,芒硝-淤泥-芒硝的...  相似文献   

爆破、塌陷识别研究进展综述     

周少辉  蒋海昆  曲均浩  李健  郭宗斌  郑旭 《中国地震》2021,37(2):508-522

简要介绍当前国内外关于天然地震与爆破、塌陷等非天然地震特征研究及事件类型识别的进展。对各类事件的定义及主要波形特征进行简要综述,重点介绍了事件类型判定的各类识别方法。与自然界天然地震不同,非天然地震由人工干预或人类活动间接引发。爆破是炸药在爆炸瞬间能量迅速释放,部分能量以地震波形式向外传播,引起地表振动而产生破坏效应的一种地震;塌陷是由于岩层崩塌陷落而形成的地震。虽然在地震台网记录到的天然地震与爆破、塌陷的波形存在一定的共性特征,但由于震源类型、波的传播路径、震源深度等不同,各类事件的波形记录在P波初动、P波与S波最大振幅比、持续时间、震相、短周期面波发育情况、发震时刻、空间位置分布以及频谱特征等方面差异明显。目前主要有两类方法来识别地震与爆破、塌陷等非天然事件。一类为直接基于波形在信号、数据方面的特征,通过定性分析来进行事件类型判定,如波形时频分析对比法、小波变换、相关系数等;另一类为统计学领域诸如模式识别等算法,利用统计算法综合考虑多个事件特征判据的定量判定阀值来实现地震与爆破、塌陷事件类型的识别,如最小距离法、改进的连续亨明方法、Fisher方法、逐步代价最小决策法、支持向量机、前馈神经网络等。两类方法本质上均为提取有效特征判据,即对数据进行降维使用,未将事件记录的全部信息用于事件判定。因此,有必要使用一种可从全部事件记录中自动提取各类信息并可组合底层特征的算法来对各类事件进行判断识别。  相似文献   

Design and evaluation of a geovisual analytics system for uncovering patterns in spatio-temporal event data     

Anthony C. Robinson  Donna J. Peuquet  Scott Pezanowski  Franklin A. Hardisty  Brian Swedberg 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):216-228

ABSTRACT

It remains difficult to develop a clear understanding of geo-located events and their relationships to one another, particularly when it comes to identifying patterns of events in less-structured textual sources, such as news feeds and social media streams. Here we present a geovisualization tool that can leverage computational methods, such as T-pattern analysis, for extracting patterns of interest from event data streams. Our system, STempo, includes coordinated-view geovisualization components designed to support visual exploration and analysis of event data, and patterns extracted from those data, in terms of time, geography, and content. Through a user evaluation, we explore the usability and utility of STempo for understanding patterns of recent political, social, economic, and military events in Syria.  相似文献   

Sub-daily rainfall events in an arid environment with marked climate variability: Variation among wet and dry years at Fowlers Gap,New South Wales,Australia     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

The nature of rainfall events is explored through six years of below average rainfall, associated with negative Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and three years of above average rainfall, associated with positive SOI (and strong La Niña conditions), at arid Fowlers Gap, Australia. There is a greater probability of rainfall in wet years, but the events themselves also change significantly. Rainfall depth per event was 116% larger on average in wet years than dry, and average event rainfall rate was 85% higher. However, these results are influenced by a small number of very large events in the wet years, and events of <2 mm occur at about the same rate in dry and wet years. Rainfall event profiles in dry years showed more Huff first quartile events likely to promote partitioning of rain into infiltration. In contrast, larger events in wet years showed a preponderance of Huff third quartile profiles likely to be associated with greater partitioning of rainfall into overland flow. This co-variation in rainfall event profile with annual rainfall, not previously described, is reasoned to increase the amplitude of ecological impacts of the SOI-related rainfall variability at this site.  相似文献   

地震日常分析会商辅助软件的设计与实现     

陈向军  刘杰超  滕海涛 《华南地震》2013,(4):63-69

介绍了地震日常分析会商辅助软件的特点,功能及使用,软件由三个模块组成：地震目录DBF月报文件格式转换为EQT文件、Qc值筛选地震事件、小震综合震源机制解数据格式转换。软件为地震分析会商提供数据预处理服务,便于专业技术人员提高工作效率。  相似文献   

New theoretical approaches to black holes     

Eric Gourgoulhon  Jos Luis Jaramillo 《New Astronomy Reviews》2008,51(10-12):791

Quite recently, some new mathematical approaches to black holes have appeared in the literature. They do not rely on the classical concept of event horizon—which is very global, but on the local concept of hypersurfaces foliated by trapped surfaces. After a brief introduction to these new horizons, we focus on a viscous fluid analogy that can be developed to describe their dynamics, in a fashion similar to the membrane paradigm introduced for event horizons in the seventies, but with a significant change of sign of the bulk viscosity.  相似文献   

Development of regionalized joint probability approach to flood estimation: a case study for Eastern New South Wales,Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Wilfredo Llacer Caballero  Ataur Rahman 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4001-4010

Estimation of design flood in ungauged catchments is a common problem in hydrology. Methods commonly adopted for this task are limited to peak flow estimation, e.g. index flood, rational and regression‐based methods. To estimate complete design hydrograph, rainfall–runoff modelling is preferred. The currently recommended method in Australia known as Design Event Approach (DEA) has some serious limitations since it ignores the probabilistic nature of principal model inputs (such as temporal patterns (TP) and initial loss) except for design rainfall depth. A more holistic approach such as Joint Probability Approach (JPA)/Monte Carlo Simulation Technique (MCST) can overcome some of the limitations associated with the DEA. Although JPA/MCST has been investigated by many researchers, it has been proved to be difficult to apply since its routine application needs readily available regional design data such as stochastic rainfall duration, TP and losses, which are largely unavailable for Australian states. This paper presents regionalization of the model inputs/parameters to the JPA/MCST for eastern New South Wales (NSW) in Australia. This uses data from 86 pluviograph stations and six catchments from NSW to regionalize the input distributions for application with the JPA/MCST. The independent testing to three test catchments shows that the regionalized JPA/MCST generally outperforms the at‐site DEA. The developed regionalized JPA/MCST can be applied at any arbitrary location in eastern NSW. The method and design data developed here although primarily applicable to eastern NSW can be adapted to other Australian states and countries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

内蒙古地区极端降水事件分布特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘宏伟  刘秀荣  陈凌云 《内蒙古气象》2009,(6):7-9

基于内蒙古地区94个气象站1961—2007年逐日降水量资料,利用累积频率法,分析了极端降水事件变化特征。结果表明：（1）近50年内蒙古地区极端降水事件和极端强降水事件发生的强度和出现的频次均呈现出增多趋势,尤其在1977年降水发生突变之后,增加趋势更为明显。（2）近50年内蒙古地区最长连续无降水日数和最长连续降水日数持续时间缩短,表明连续性干旱和降水的持续性减弱,尤其是进入本世纪后,最长连续无降水日数陡升和最长连续降水日数陡降,气候湿润程度下降,加之全球气候变暖,使内蒙古地区进入本世纪后暖而干的气候特征更为明显,这对农牧业生产和生态环境保护极为不利。（3）内蒙古地区近50年小雨和暴雨日数的减少,降水强度的加大,使全区降水不稳定性增加,降水有极端化发展趋势,尤其是在1987年气温发生突变之后,降水强度变化更大。  相似文献